The Levantine alphabetic systeme as being formed in the environment of Egyptian scribal propaedeutics
Abstract
Analyzing the genesis of the alphabet, one should see a fundamental difference between the conception of phonography as a model of writing and the diachronic aspect of describing letters’ names and their strict order as an educational pattern used by Levantine scribes late in the 2nd mill. B. C. This article traces transformations of grapheme functioning in such models of writing as ideography — morphography — “protophonography” (a term introduced by the author) — phonography. The author proposes his analysis and critique of the so-called “acrophonic” model of the origin of Levantine letters’ names. Topographical examining of archaeological evidence for the four textual cultures that functioned in Levant in 17–11 cent. B. C. allows us to deduce that the formation of onomastics and ductum of graphemes in Levantine abecedaries took place in the context of Egyptian scribal propaedeutics. Refs 31. Figs 6.
Keywords:
alphabet, phonography, morphography, abecedary, ancient Levant, ancient Egypt, writing, script
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References
Литература
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References
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Damerow P. The Origins of Writing as a Problem of Historical Epistemology, Digital Library Journal. 2006, no. 1, pp. 1–10. Available at: http://cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlj/2006/cdlj2006_001.html (accessed: 20.04.2015).
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Goldwasser O. Canaanites Reading Hieroglyphs. Part II. The Invention of the Alphabet in Sinai, Agypten und Levante. Wienna, Austrian Academy of Science Press, 2006, vol. XVI, pp. 121–160.
Hamilton G. J. The Origins of the Western Semitic Alphabet in Egyptian Scripts. Washington, The Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series 40, 2006, 433 pp.
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Helck W. Das Hyksos-Problem. Orientalia. Roma, 1993, vol. 62, fasc. 2, pp. 60–66.
Sass B. The Genesis of the Alphabet and its Development in the Second Millenium B. C., Ägypten und Altes Testament, vol. 13. Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz, 1988, 223 pp.
Goldwasser O. The Lachish Hieratic Bowl Once Again, Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv, 1982, no. 9, pp. 137–138.
Goldwasser O. Hieratic Inscriptions from Tel Sera in Southern Canaan, Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv, 1984, no. 11, pp. 77–93.
Goldwasser O., Wimmer S. Hieratic Fragments from Tell el-Far’ah (South), The Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. Boston, 1999, vol. 313, pp. 39–45.
Whisenant J. N. Writing, Literacy and Textual Transmission. The Production of Literary Documents in Iron Age Judah and the Composition of the Hebrew Bible (a dissertation Ph.D.). University of Michigan, 2008, 387 pp.
Tappy R. E., McCarter P. K. Literate Culture and Tenth-Century Canaan. The Tel Zayit Abecedary in Context. Winona Lake, Indiana, Eisenbrauns, 2008, 140 pp.
Killebrew A. E. Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity. Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines and Early Israel, 1300–1100 B. C. E., The Society of Biblical Literature. Archaeology and Biblical Studies, no. 9. Atlanta, 2005, 362 pp.
Shisha-Halevy A. An Early North-West Semitic Text in the Egyptian Hieratic Script, Orientalia. Roma, 1978, vol. 47, fasc. 2, pp. 145–162.
Franken H. J. Clay Tablets from Deir Alla, Jordan, Vetus Testamentum. Leiden, Brill, 1964, vol. 14, fasc. 3, pp. 377–379.
Shea W. H. The Inscribed Tablets from Tell Deir Alla. Part I: Andrews University Seminary Studies, 1989, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 21–37; Pt II: Andrews University Seminary Studies, 1989, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 97–119.
Kohavi M. An Ostracon of the Period of the Judges from Izbet Sartah, Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv, 1977, no. 4, pp. 1–13.
Shea W. H. The Izbet Sartah Ostracon, Andrews University Seminary Studies, 1990, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 59–86.
Weidmüller W. Phönikische Buchstaben — ägyptische Bildzeichen. Börsenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandel. Frankfurter Ausgabe. Frankfurt, 1960, no. 39, pp. 733–739; no. 46, pp. 985–991.
Helck W. Zur Herkunft der sog. ‘phönizischen’ Schrift. Ugarit-Forschungen. Münster, 1972, no. 4, pp. 41–45.
Zauzich K.-Th. Von Hieroglyphen zum Alphabet. Katalog der Ausstellung „Schrift, Sprache, Bild und Klang“. Würzburg, Ergon Verlag, 2002, vol. 4, pp. 48–53.
Zauzich K.-Th. Unsere Buchstaben — ägyptische Hieroglyphen. Der Turmbau zu Babel. Ursprung und Vielfalt von Sprache und Schrift. Katalog der Ausstellung Schloss Eggenberg. Graz, 2003, vol. III, pp. 183–189.
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Published
2015-12-25
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Сущевский, А. Г. (2015). The Levantine alphabetic systeme as being formed in the environment of Egyptian scribal propaedeutics. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, (4), 14–28. Retrieved from https://aasjournal.spbu.ru/article/view/1808
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Articles of "Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies" are open access distributed under the terms of the License Agreement with Saint Petersburg State University, which permits to the authors unrestricted distribution and self-archiving free of charge.
