The concept of “dead language” as exemplified by Hebrew
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu13.2016.302Аннотация
В статье на примере иврита анализируется проблематичный для лингвистики термин «мертвый язык». В первом разделе дана история данного понятия с момента его возникновения. Появившись в ходе полемики итальянских гуманистов в XV в., оно вошло в обиход европейских филологов XVI–XVIII вв. как эпитет для латыни, древнегреческого и иврита. В XVIII–XIV вв. понятие «мертвый язык» было акцептировано еврейскими просветителями. В первой четверти XX в. термин «мертвый» применительно к ивриту сыграл ключевую роль в полемике о выборе еврейского национального языка в России (§ 2) и в становлении идеологии «возрождения иврита» в Палестине (§ 3). Новейшие трактовки истории иврита XIX–XX вв. наследуют идее «мертвости» иврита предыдущих периодов (§ 4). Примеры, опровергающие представления, будто бы иврит использовался только в литературе высоких жанров и в религиозной сфере, приведены в § 5. В последнем параграфе предлагаются подходы к изучению истории иврита без использования проблематичного термина «мертвый язык».
Ключевые слова:
мертвый язык, возрождение иврита, диглоссия, иврит
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Опубликован
20.09.2016
Как цитировать
Yampolskaya, S. (2016). The concept of “dead language” as exemplified by Hebrew. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Востоковедение и африканистика, (3), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu13.2016.302
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