Советский проект национального и государственного строительства в Афганистане

Авторы

  • Мария Маджитовна Набат Российская Федерация, 198516, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Озерковая

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.201

Аннотация

Рассматривается политика Советского Союза в Афганистане в период военного присутствия (1979–1989) как комплекс мероприятий, соответствующих современной трактовке концепций национального и государственного строительства. Анализируются современные теории процессов национального и государственного строительства (nation-building/state-building) и выделяются их основные тенденции, формы и проблемы. Предлагается авторский подход, объединяющий эти две концепции в национально-государственное строительство (nation-state-building) применительно к советскому проекту в Афганистане. Подробно анализируются основные задачи советской политики в Афганистане в 1980-е годы, их реализация и результаты. Благодаря сочетанию концепций национального и государственного строительства в комплексной конструкции «национально-государственное строительство» сделаны выводы о применимости такого подхода для рассмотрения специфического советского проекта государственного строительства в Афганистане и многоплановости самого проекта, включавшего идеологическую, политическую, экономическую и военную составляющие. На основании архивных документов, мемуаров военных и дипломатов, а также достаточно обширной базы научных исследований автор обосновывает идею содержания во внешней политике СССР масштабных задач национального и государственного строительства в Афганистане, а также указывает, что реализация проекта столкнулась с большими трудностями, начиная от развернувшейся гражданской войны и заканчивая неспособностью афганских лидеров консолидировать политическую жизнь страны. Советское руководство достаточно быстро осознало неготовность афганского общества к предлагаемым системным социальным преобразованиям. Несмотря на то что цели советского проекта не были достигнуты, это не снижает их масштабности и исторической значимости.

Ключевые слова:

Афганистан, национальное строительство, государственное строительство, СССР, экономическая помощь, советская внешняя политика

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Загрузки

Опубликован

01.08.2022

Как цитировать

Набат, М. М. (2022). Советский проект национального и государственного строительства в Афганистане. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Востоковедение и африканистика, 14(2), 162–175. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.201

Выпуск

Раздел

Россия и Восток