Основные факторы, сдерживающие реформирование военно-промышленного комплекса Республики Индии на современном этапе

Авторы

  • Кирилл Александрович Лихачев Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3017-4194
  • Артур Николаевич Махлаюк Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-8274

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.115

Аннотация

В данной статье предпринята попытка оценить негативное влияние ряда факторов на процесс реформирования военно-промышленного комплекса (ВПК) Индии под управлением правительства «Бхаратия джаната парти» (БДП) в период 2014–2023 гг. Авторы выделяют три группы факторов, которые оказывают наибольший негативный эффект на всю систему оборонной промышленности Индии на сегодняшний день. Концептуально-институциональные факторы связаны с применением и регулированием основополагающих законов и правил в ВПК, отсутствием общей стратегии развития индийских вооруженных сил, политизацией протекционистских мер, проблемами реализации офсетной политики, а также влиянием бюрократии и межведомственных противоречий. Экономические факторы включают в себя проблемы с привлечением прямых иностранных инвестиций и попытками изменить структуру оборонных расходов, снизив траты на выплаты пенсий и увеличив траты на привлечение частного бизнеса в ВПК. К технологическим факторам относятся главным образом причины и следствия проблем с качеством и скоростью выпускаемой продукции индийскими оборонными предприятиями. Проведенный прикладной политический анализ, ретроспективный анализ данных и контент-анализ основных документов и материалов, связанных с развитием индийского ВПК в исследуемый период, позволяет сделать вывод о том, что совокупность рассмотренных факторов имеет системный характер и оказывает значительное негативное влияние на отрасль. Эти факторы мешают реализации амбициозных целей правительства БДП, ведущих к достижению «стратегической автономии» в наиболее важных для национальной безопасности сферах. Кроме того, проблемы индийского ВПК усугубляются влиянием политической конъюнктуры. В результате решение этих проблем в кратко- и среднесрочной перспективе представляется маловероятным, однако в долгосрочной перспективе проводимые индийским правительством реформы должны нивелировать негативный эффект от рассмотренных факторов в значительной степени.

Ключевые слова:

Индия, военно-промышленный комплекс, реформы, оборонное планирование, оборонный бюджет

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Загрузки

Опубликован

21.09.2024

Как цитировать

Лихачев, К. А., & Махлаюк , А. Н. (2024). Основные факторы, сдерживающие реформирование военно-промышленного комплекса Республики Индии на современном этапе. Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Востоковедение и африканистика, 16(1), 247–263. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2024.115

Выпуск

Раздел

Международные отношения, политика и экономика стран Азии и Африки