Цинский регионализм на пограничье Центральной Азии во второй половине XVIII в.: влияние джунгарского наследия

Дорджи Геннадьевич Кукеев

doi:10.21638/spbu13.2022.310

Авторы

Дорджи Геннадьевич Кукеев Калмыцкий государственный университет им. Б. Б. Городовикова, Российская Федерация, 358000, Республика Калмыкия, Элиста, ул. Пушкина, 11

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.310

Аннотация

Статья входит в число исследований, посвященных различным областям пограничья Центральной Азии. Эта тема актуальна в связи с изменениями геополитической обстановки в Евразии. Рассматриваются причины и процессы формирования некоторых особенностей цинского регионализма в пограничных регионах империи во второй половине XVIII в. Для Цинской империи овладение территориями, которые в китайских исторических материалах именовались как Си юй (Западный край), имело огромное политическое значение, а приобретенные владения, граничащие со Средней Азией, были преобразованы в административно-территориальную единицу империи, которая стала именоваться Синьцзян (Новая граница). Подчеркивается важность изучения особенностей управления пограничными регионами Цин в Центральной Азии, где активно применялись различные подходы в пограничных отношениях, перенятые от кочевников. Так, раскрываются отличительные черты цинского регионализма, проявившиеся при управлении этой территорией: военная оккупация, учреждение новой административной структуры и издание письменных памятников на языках империи Цин. Применяя более гибкий подход, чем их китайские предшественники, маньчжурские элиты разработали институты и политику управления границами, отличные от тех, которые существовали в предыдущих династиях, и тем самым осуществили гораздо более амбициозную программу верховной власти Цин.

Ключевые слова:

империя Цин, Джунгарское ханство, Алтышар, письменные памятники, Центральная Азия, кочевники

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